Is BV a sexually transmitted infection?

BV is not strictly an STI, but it is strongly associated with sexual activity. It can be triggered by new sexual partners, and it can be passed between female sexual partners. Male partners do not typically need treatment.

Why does BV keep coming back?

Recurrence is common with BV, affecting up to 50% of women within 12 months. Triggers include unprotected sex, douching, and hormonal changes. Long-term or repeated courses of antibiotics may be needed.

Can BV affect fertility?

Untreated BV can increase the risk of pelvic inflammatory disease, which may affect fertility. During pregnancy, BV is associated with preterm birth. Treatment is recommended if you are planning pregnancy.

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Bacterial Vaginosis

Medically ReviewedOften Asymptomatic

Bacterial vaginosis is a common vaginal condition caused by an imbalance of natural bacteria, producing a fishy-smelling discharge. It is easily treated with antibiotics. While not strictly an STI, it is more common in sexually active women and can increase susceptibility to other infections.

Bacterial Vaginosis: Key Facts

Often Asymptomatic

Incubation Period: Not applicable (bacterial imbalance)
Test Window: Can be tested at any time when symptomatic
Results: 24–48 hours
Treatment: Antibiotics (metronidazole or clindamycin)
Cure Rate: 80–90% initially (recurrence is common)

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Symptoms of Bacterial Vaginosis

Common Symptoms

Fishy-smelling vaginal discharge
Thin, watery, greyish discharge
Up to 50% of women with BV have no symptoms

Symptoms in Women

Thin, greyish-white vaginal discharge
Strong fishy odour, especially after sex
Vaginal irritation or itching
Burning when urinating

How is Bacterial Vaginosis Transmitted?

Not traditionally classified as an STI
Associated with sexual activity and new sexual partners
Can occur between female sexual partners
Douching and perfumed products can trigger it

Prevention

Avoid douching and perfumed vaginal products
Use condoms
Maintain natural vaginal pH
Avoid overwashing the vaginal area

Complications if Untreated

Increased risk of acquiring STIs including HIV
Pelvic inflammatory disease
Pregnancy complications (preterm birth)
Post-surgical infections

Frequently Asked Questions

Medically Reviewed

Dr Mohammad Bakhtiar

MD, PhD, LRCP, MSc, DHMSA

Sexual Health

GMC: 4694470•Last reviewed: January 2026

All medical content is reviewed by qualified healthcare professionals registered with the General Medical Council (GMC).

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Bacterial Vaginosis: Key Facts

Often Asymptomatic

Incubation Period: Not applicable (bacterial imbalance)
Test Window: Can be tested at any time when symptomatic
Results: 24–48 hours
Treatment: Antibiotics (metronidazole or clindamycin)
Cure Rate: 80–90% initially (recurrence is common)

Book Vaginal Infection Screen – £105

Results within 24 hours • Same-day treatment available