Is epididymitis serious?

Epididymitis is treatable and usually resolves with antibiotics. However, it requires prompt medical attention to rule out testicular torsion (a surgical emergency) and prevent complications such as abscess formation or chronic pain.

Can epididymitis be caused by an STI?

Yes. In sexually active men under 35, the most common causes are chlamydia and gonorrhoea. STI testing is an essential part of the diagnostic workup for epididymitis in this age group.

How long does epididymitis take to heal?

With appropriate antibiotics, symptoms usually improve within a few days, but it can take 2–4 weeks for swelling to fully resolve. Rest, scrotal support, and pain relief can help during recovery.

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Epididymitis

Medically Reviewed

Epididymitis is a painful swelling of the tube behind the testicle, most commonly caused by chlamydia or gonorrhoea in young men. Diagnosis involves STI testing and clinical examination. Prompt antibiotic treatment usually resolves the condition within a few weeks.

Epididymitis: Key Facts

Incubation Period: Variable (days to weeks after STI infection)
Test Window: Tested when symptoms present; STI screening recommended
Results: 24–48 hours
Treatment: Antibiotics (tailored to the causative organism)
Cure Rate: Excellent with prompt treatment

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Symptoms of Epididymitis

Common Symptoms

Testicular pain and swelling
Urethral discharge
Painful urination

Symptoms in Men

Swollen, red, or warm testicle
Testicular pain (usually one-sided)
Pain when urinating
Discharge from the penis
Fever in severe cases
Pain in the lower abdomen or groin

How is Epididymitis Transmitted?

Usually caused by STIs (chlamydia, gonorrhoea) in younger men
Urinary tract infections in older men
Can follow urological procedures

Prevention

Regular STI testing
Use condoms consistently
Prompt treatment of STIs
Partner notification and treatment

Complications if Untreated

Abscess formation
Chronic epididymitis
Reduced fertility (if bilateral or recurrent)
Testicular infarction (rare)

Frequently Asked Questions

Medically Reviewed

Dr Mohammad Bakhtiar

MD, PhD, LRCP, MSc, DHMSA

Sexual Health

GMC: 4694470•Last reviewed: January 2026

All medical content is reviewed by qualified healthcare professionals registered with the General Medical Council (GMC).

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Epididymitis: Key Facts

Incubation Period: Variable (days to weeks after STI infection)
Test Window: Tested when symptoms present; STI screening recommended
Results: 24–48 hours
Treatment: Antibiotics (tailored to the causative organism)
Cure Rate: Excellent with prompt treatment

Book Chlamydia & Gonorrhoea Screen – £104

Results within 24 hours • Same-day treatment available